Healing from Intersectional White Supremacy Culture and Ableism:
Disability Justice as an Antidote
Rashmi Chordiya
Seattle University
Adana Protonentis
Seattle University
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24926/jsepa.v2i1.4856
Keywords: Racial Healing, Social Justice, Disability Justice, white supremacy culture
Abstract
In this exploratory article, we build on the existing literature to identify and discuss the patterns of white supremacy culture (WSC) that are pervasive in our organizational spaces. We argue that because WSC, racism, and ableism are deeply intersectional forms of oppression, our social equity approaches must include a disability justice (DJ) lens, which centers the leadership of multiply marginalized disabled, queer, trans*, Black, Indigenous, and negatively racialized People of Color (QTBIPOC). Using an embodied approach, we invite our readers into a deeper reflection and critical analysis of the intersectional manifestations of white supremacy culture and ableism in organizational spaces. We explore the ways in which the 10 principles of disability justice could serve in creating supportive countercultural norms, values, and behavioral practices needed to create the conditions for healing from white supremacy culture.
Author Biographies
Rashmi Chordiya, Seattle University
Rashmi Chordiya, PhD (she/her) (chordiyarash@seattleu.edu) is an assistant professor of public administration at Seattle University’s Institute of Public Service. She approaches her teaching, scholarship, and praxis from an embodied social justice lens that is trauma-informed, healing-centered, and intentional about centering the margins. Her scholarship focuses on advancing the theory and praxis of public sector human resource management to improve job satisfaction, organizational commitment, retention, belonging, and inclusion in diverse teams and organizational contexts.
Adana Protonentis, Seattle University
Adana Protonentis, MPA (she/her) (adana@kindredleaders.com) is an organizational culture consultant and codirector of Kindred Consulting. She supports public sector organizations in nurturing inclusion, belonging, wellbeing, and connection in the workplace through trauma-informed leadership, equity-focused policy development, and care-centered practice. Her consulting practice and academic scholarship focus on centering the experiences of multiply marginalized people in service of identifying and removing barriers to belonging and creating conditions for mutual flourishing.
References
Akomolafe, Bayo. n.d. “Bayo Akomolafe Speaks about Slowing Down and Surrendering Human Centrality.” Green Dreamer. Podcast audio. Accessed October 15, 2021. https://greendreamer.com/podcast/dr-bayo-akomolafe-the-emergence-network
Alkadry, Mohamad G., Brandi Blessett, and Valerie L. Patterson. 2015. “Public Administration, Diversity, and the Ethic of Getting Things Done:” Administration & Society 49 (8) 1191–1218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399715581032
Anderson, Elijah. 2015. “‘The White Space.’” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 1 (1): 10–21.
Annamma, Subini Ancy, David J. Connor, and Beth A. Ferri. (2013). Dis/Ability Critical Race Studies (Discrit): Theorizing at the Intersections of Race and Dis/Ability. Race Ethnicity and Education 16 (1): 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2012.730511
Annamma, Subini Ancy, Beth A. Ferri, and David J. Connor. 2018. “Disability Critical Race Theory: Exploring the Intersectional Lineage, Emergence, and Potential Futures of DisCrit in Education.” Review of Research in Education 42 (1): 46–71.
Bakker, Arnold B. 2015. “A Job Demands–Resources Approach to Public Service Motivation.” Public Administration Review 75 (5): 723–732.
Bell, Lee Anne. 2016. “Theoretical Foundations for Social Justice Education.” In Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice, eds. Maurianne Adams, Lee Anne Bell, Diane J. Goodman, Khyati Y. Joshi, and Maurianne Adams, 3rd ed., 3–26. New York: Routledge.
Bell, Lee Anne, Michael S. Funk, Khyati Y. Joshi, and Marjorie Valdivia. 2016. “Racism and White Privilege.” In Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice, eds. Maurianne Adams, Lee Anne Bell, Diane J. Goodman, and Khyati Y. Joshi, 3rd ed., 133–181. New York: Routledge.
Berry-James, RaJade M., Brandi Blessett, Rachel Emas, Sean McCandless, Ashley E. Nickels, Kristen Norman-Major, and Parisa Vinzant. 2021. “Stepping Up to the Plate: Making Social Equity a Priority in Public Administration’s Troubled Times.” Journal of Public Affairs Education 27 (1): 5-15.
Black Lives Matter Healing Justice Working Group. n.d. “Healing in Action: A Toolkit for Black Live Matter Healing Justice and Direct Action.” Black Lives Matter. https://blacklivesmatter.com/resources/
Blessett, Brandi. 2020. “Rethinking the Administrative State through an Intersectional Framework.” Administrative
Theory & Praxis 42 (1): 1–5.
Blessett, Brandi, Jennifer Dodge, Beverly Edmond, Holly T. Goerdel, Susan T. Gooden, Andrea M. Headley, Norma M. Riccucci, and Brian N. Williams. 2019. “Social Equity in Public Administration: A Call to Action.” Perspectives on Public Management and Governance 2 (4): 283–299.
Blessett, Brandi, and Tia Sherèe Gaynor. 2021. “Race, Racism and Administrative Callousness: Using Critical Race Theory for a Race-Conscious Public Administration.” Public Integrity 23 (5): 455–458.
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 1997. “Rethinking Racism: Toward a Structural Interpretation.” American Sociological
Review 62 (3): 465-480.
brown, adrienne maree. 2017. Emergent Strategy: Shaping Change, Changing Worlds. Reprint edition. Chico, CA: AK Press.
Brown, Brené. 2018. Dare to Lead: Brave Work. Tough Conversations. Whole Hearts. First Edition. New York: Random House.
Brown, Brené. 2022. The Gifts of Imperfection: 10th Anniversary Edition: Features a New Foreword and Brand-New Tools. Anniversary edition. Center City, Minnesota: Hazelden Publishing.
Brown, Lydia X. 2011. “Autistic Hoya—A Blog by Lydia X. Z. Brown.” The Significance of Semantics: Person-First Language: Why It Matters (blog). Accessed June 6, 2022. https://www.autistichoya.com/2011/08/significance-of-semantics-person-first.html
Brown, Lydia X. 2017. “Lydia Brown - Disability Justice Intersection with Racial Justice, and Queer/Trans Liberation.” Disability Intersectionality Summit, March 10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qoc1S_pEXo
Brown, Lydia X. 2021. “Against Ableism & White Supremacy: Disability Justice Is Our Liberation.” Highline College, January 29. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-kd7z0XnPc
Burnier, DeLysa. 2003. “Other Voices/Other Rooms: Towards a Care-Centered Public Administration.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 25 (4): 529–544.
Burnier, DeLysa. 2009. “Markets No More: Toward a Care-Centered Public Administration.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 31 (3): 396–402.
Burnier, DeLysa. 2021. “Embracing Others with ‘Sympathetic Understanding’ and ‘Affectionate Interpretation:’ Creating a Relational Care-Centered Public Administration.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 43 (1): 42–57.
Catalano, D. Chase J., Warren J. Blumenfeld, and Heather W. Hackman. 2018. “Sexism, Heterosexism, and Trans* Oppression.” In Readings for Diversity and Social Justice, eds. Maurianne Adams, Warren J. Blumenfeld, D. Chase J. Catalano, Keri Dejong, Heather W. Hackman, Larissa E. Hopkins, Barbara Love, Madeline L. Peters, Davey Shlasko, and Ximena Zúñiga, 4th ed., 341–353. New York: Routledge.
Chin, Natalie M. 2021. “Centering Disability Justice ADA Symposium.” Syracuse Law Review 71 (3): 683–750.
Collins, Patricia Hill. 2008. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. New York. Routledge.
Conyers, Addrain, and Christina Wright Fields. 2021. “A Critical Race Theory Analysis ofInstitutional Racial Paralysis in Organizational Culture.” Public Integrity 23(5): 484–495.
Crawford, Nyron N. 2021. “We’d Go Well Together: A Critical Race Analysis of Marijuana Legalization and Expungement in the United States.” Public Integrity 23 (5): 459–483.
Crenshaw, Kimberle. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum, no. 1. https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8
Crenshaw, Kimberle 2011. “Twenty Years of Critical Race Theory: Looking Back to Move Forward Commentary: Critical Race Theory: A Commemoration: Lead Article.” Connecticut Law Review, January. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/law_review/117
Crenshaw, Kimberle 2020. “She Coined the Term ‘Intersectionality’ Over 30 Years Ago. Here’s What It Means to Her Today.”
Interview by Katy Steinmetz. Time. https://time.com/5786710/kimberle-crenshaw-intersectionality/
Dana, Deborah. 2021. Anchored: How to Befriend Your Nervous System Using Polyvagal Theory. Boulder, CO: Sounds True.
Dolamore, Stephanie. 2021. “Detecting Empathy in Public Organizations: Creating a More Relational Public Administration.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 43 (1): 58–81.
Dolmage, Jay. 2011. “Disabled Upon Arrival: The Rhetorical Construction of Disability and Race at Ellis Island.” Cultural Critique 77: 24–69.
Dorsey, Cheryl, Jeff Bradach, and Peter Kim. 2020. “The Racial Funding Gap Can’t Continue in the Pandemic.” The Chronicle of Philanthropy 32 (8): 22–24.
Edlins, Mariglynn. 2021. “Developing a Model of Empathy for Public Administration.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 43 (1): 22–41.
Embrick, David G., and Wendy Leo Moore. 2020. “White Space(s) and the Reproduction of White Supremacy.” American Behavioral Scientist 64 (14): 1935–1945.
Erevelles, Nirmala. 2014. “Crippin’ Jim Crow: Disability, Dis-location, and the School-to-Prison Pipeline.” In Disability Incarcerated, eds. Liat Ben-Moshe, Chris Chapman, and Allison C. Carey, 81–99. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Esteve, Marc, Christian Schuster, Adria Albareda, and Carlos Losada. 2017. “The Effects of Doing More with Less in the Public Sector: Evidence from a Large-Scale Survey.” Public Administration Review 77 (4): 544–553.
Gooden, Susan T. 2014. Race and Social Equity: A Nervous Area of Government. Armonk, New York: Routledge.
Gooden, Susan T. 2015. “PAR’s Social Equity Footprint.” Public Administration Review 75 (3): 372–381.
Gourrier, Al G. 2021. “Banking the Black Community: An Analysis of Banking among Baltimore’s Predominately Black Communities.” Public Integrity 23 (5): 496–514.
Guy, Mary E., and Sean A. McCandless. 2020. Achieving Social Equity: From Problems to Solutions. Irvine, CA: Melvin & Leigh, Publishers.
Haines, Staci. 2019. The Politics of Trauma: Somatics, Healing, and Social Justice. Illustrated edition. Berkeley, California: North Atlantic Books.
Hardiman, Rita, Bailey W. Jackson, and Pat Griffin. 2007. “Conceptual Foundations for Social Justice Education.” In Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice, eds. Maurianne Adams, Lee Ann Bell, and Pat Griffin, 2nd ed., 35–66. New York: Routledge.
Harro, Bobbie. 2018a. “The Cycle of Socialization.” In Readings for Diversity and Social Justice, eds. Maurianne Adams, Warren J. Blumenfeld, D. Chase J. Catalano, Keri Dejong, Heather W. Hackman, Larissa E. Hopkins, Barbara Love, Madeline L. Peters, Davey Shlasko, and Ximena Zúñiga, 4th ed., 627–634. New York: Routledge.
Harro, Bobbie. 2018b. “The Cycle of Liberation.” In Readings for Diversity and Social Justice, eds. Maurianne Adams, Warren J. Blumenfeld, D. Chase J. Catalano, Keri Dejong, Heather W. Hackman, Larissa E. Hopkins, Barbara Love, Madeline L. Peters, Davey Shlasko, and Ximena Zúñiga, 4th ed., 627–634. New York: Routledge.
Heckler, Nuri. 2017. “Publicly Desired Color-Blindness: Whiteness as a Realized Public Value.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 39 (3): 175–192.
Heckler, Nuri. 2019. “Whiteness and Masculinity in Nonprofit Organizations: Law, Money, and Institutional Race and Gender.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 41 (3): 266–285.
Hemphill, Prentis. 2020. “Healing Justice Is How We Can Sustain Black Lives - Transform Harm.” https://Transformharm.Org/ (blog). September 5, 2020. https://transformharm.org/healing-justice-is-how-wecan-sustain-black-lives/
Hewins-Maroney, Barbara, and Ethel Williams. 2007. “Teaching Diversity in Public Administration: A Missing Component?” Journal of Public Affairs Education 13 (1): 29–40.
Irizarry, Jose Luis. 2022. “Integrating Mindfulness in Public and Nonprofit Education Programs to Foster Social Equity.” Public Integrity 24 (4–5): 504–516.
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. 1979. “Power Failure in Management Circuits.” Harvard Business Review, July 1, 1979. https://hbr.org/1979/07/power-failure-in-management-circuits
Kluttz, Jenalee, Jude Walker, and Pierre Walter. 2020. “Unsettling Allyship, Unlearning and Learning Towards Decolonising Solidarity.” Studies in the Education of Adults 52 (1): 49–66.
Kunreuther, Frances. 2017. Race to Lead: Confronting the Nonprofit Racial Leadership Gap. Building Movement Project.
Lewis, Talila A. 2022. “Working Definition of Ableism—January 2022 Update.” TL’s Blog. January 1, 2022. https://www.talilalewis.com/blog
Love, B. J. 2018. “Developing a Liberatory Consciousness.” In Readings for Diversity and Social Justice 4th ed., eds. M. Adams, W. J. Blumenfeld, D. C. J. Catalano, K. Dejong, H. W. Hackman, L. E. Hopkins, B. Love, M. L. Peters, D. Shlasko, and X. Zuniga, 610-615. NY: Routledge.
Love, Jeannine M., Tia Sherèe Gaynor, and Brandi Blessett. 2016. “Facilitating Difficult Dialogues in the Classroom: A Pedagogical Imperative.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 38 (4): 227–233.
Mastracci, Sharon, and Ian Adams. 2018. “‘That’s What the Money’s For’: Alienation and Emotional Labor in Public Service.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 40 (4): 304–319.
McRuer, Robert. 2006. Crip Theory: Cultural Signs of Queerness and Disability. New York: NYU Press. Menakem, Resmaa. 2017. My Grandmother’s Hands: Racialized Trauma and the Pathway to Mending Our Hearts and Bodies. Illustrated edition. Las Vegas, NV: Central Recovery Press.
McRuer, Robert. 2021. Resmaa Menakem—“Notice the Rage; Notice the Silence.” Interview by Krista Tippett. https://onbeing.org/programs/resmaa-menakemnotice-the-rage-notice-the-silence/.
Mingus, M. 2010. (January 10). Interdependence (Excerpts from Several Talks). Leaving Evidence. https://leavingevidence.wordpress.com/tagmyth-ofindependence/
Mingus, M. 2018. “Finding Each Other: Building Legacies of Belonging.” https://leavingevidence.wordpress.com/page/2/
Mingus, M. 2019a. (January 11). Transformative Justice: A Brief Description. Transform Harm. https://transformharm.org/transformative-justice-a-brief-description/
Mingus, M. 2019b. (December 18). How To Give a Genuine Apology Part 2: The Apology—The What and the How. Leaving Evidence. https://leavingevidence.wordpress.com/2019/12/18/how-to-give-a-good-apologypart-2- the-apology-the-what-and-the-how/
Mingus, M. 2019c. (December 18). The Four Parts of Accountability: How to Give a Genuine Apology Part 1. Leaving Evidence. https://leavingevidence.wordpress.com/2019/12/18/how-to-give-a-good-apology-part-1-the-four-parts-of-accountability/
Mingus, M. 2022. (January 16). You Are Not Entitled to Our Deaths: COVID, Abled Supremacy & Interdependence. Leaving Evidence. https://leavingevidence.wordpress.com/2022/01/16/youare-not-entitled-to-our-deaths-covid-abled-supremacyinterdependence/
Moore, Wendy Leo. 2020. “The Mechanisms of White Space(s).” American Behavioral Scientist 64(14): 1946– 1960.
Morales, Aurora Levins. 1998. Medicine Stories: History, Culture, and the Politics of Integrity. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.
Morris, Katie Boudreau. 2017. “Decolonizing Solidarity: Cultivating Relationships of Discomfort.” Settler Colonial Studies 7 (4): 456–473.
Nickels, Ashley E., and Kirk A. Leach. 2021. “Toward a More Just Nonprofit Sector: Leveraging a Critical Approach to Disrupt and Dismantle White Masculine Space.” Public Integrity 23 (5): 515–530.
Okun, Tema. 2021. “White Supremacy Culture: Still Here.” White Supremacy Culture. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XR_7M_9qa64zZ00_JyFVTAjmjVU-uSz8/view
Okun, Tema. 2022. “(Divorcing) White Supremacy Culture.” White Supremacy Culture. https://www.whitesupremacyculture.info/
Ostiguy, Benjamin J., Madeline L. Peters, and Davey Shlasko. 2016. “Ableism.” In Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice, eds. Maurianne Adams, Lee Anne Bell, Diane J. Goodman, and Khyati Y. Joshi, 3rd ed., 299–337. New York: Routledge.
Piepzna-Samarasinha, and Leah Lakshmi. 2018. Care Work: Dreaming Disability Justice. Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press.
Piepzna-Samarasinha, and Leah Lakshmi 2020. “Disability Justice: An Audit Tool.” Northwest Health Foundation. https://www.northwesthealth.org/djaudittool
powell, john a., Stephen Menendian, and Wendy Ake. 2019. “Targeted Universalism: Policy & Practice.” Berkeley, CA: Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society at UC Berkeley.
Pressley, Ayanna. 2018. “The People Closest to the Pain, Should Be the Closest to the Power, Driving & Informing the Policymaking.” Twitter. https://twitter.com/ayannapressley/status/1013184081696346113?lang=en
Protonentis, Adana, Rashmi Chordiya, and ChrisTiana ObeySumner. 2021. “Centering the Margins: Restorative and Transformative Justice as Our Path to Social Equity.” Administrative Theory & Praxis, 43 (3): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2020.1868159
Ray, Victor. 2019. “A Theory of Racialized Organizations.” American Sociological Review 84 (1): 26–53.
Ray, Victor, Pamela Herd, and Donald Moynihan. 2022. “Racialized Burdens: Applying Racialized Organization Theory to the Administrative State.” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 33 (1): 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muac001
Reinholz, Daniel L. and Samantha W. Ridgway. 2021. “Access Needs: Centering Students and Disrupting Ableist Norms in STEM.” CB —Life Sciences Education 20 (3): es8.
Riccucci, Norma M. 2021. “Applying Critical Race Theory to Public Administration Scholarship.” Perspectives on Public Management and Governance 4 (4): 324–338.
Rowe, Aimee Carrillo. 2008. Power Lines: On the Subject of Feminist Alliances. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Russo, Ann. 2018. Feminist Accountability: Disrupting Violence and Transforming Power. NewYork: New York University Press.
Sales, Ruby. 2020. “Ruby Sales—Where Does It Hurt?” Interview by Krista Tippett. https://onbeing.org/programs/ruby-sales-where-does-it-hurt/
Schalk, Sami. 2022. Black Disability Politics. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
Sins Invalid. 2015. “10 Principles of Disability Justice.” https://www.sinsinvalid.org/blog/10-principles-ofdisability-
justice
Sins Invalid. 2019. Skin, Tooth, and Bone: The Basis of Movement Is Our People. A Disability Justice Primer. 2nd ed.
https://www.sinsinvalid.org/news-1/2019/11/12/skintooth-and-bone-2nd-edition-available-now
Starke, Anthony M., Nuri Heckler, and Janiece Mackey. 2018. “Administrative Racism: Public Administration Education and Race.” Journal of Public Affairs Education 24 (4): 469–489.
Stensöta, Helena Olofsdotter. 2011. “A Public Ethics of Care for Administration and Implementation.” Paper presented at the Northwestern Political Science Conference, San Antonio, Texas. (14) (PDF) A Public Ethics of Care for Administration and Implementation (researchgate.net)
Stensöta, Helena Olofsdotter. 2015. “Public Ethics of Care—A General Public Ethics.” Ethics and Social Welfare 9 (2): 183–200.
Suarez, Cyndi. 2018. The Power Manual: How to Master Complex Power Dynamics. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers.
Taylor, Ashley. 2015. “The Discourse of Pathology: Reproducing the Able Mind through Bodies of Color.” Hypatia 30 (1): 181–198.
Tronto, Joan C. 2010. “Creating Caring Institutions: Politics, Plurality, and Purpose.” Ethics and Social Welfare 4 (2): 158–171.
Trochmann, Maren B., and Judith L. Millesen. 2022. “Transforming Power with Pose: Centering Love in State-Sponsored Services for LGBTQ Youth Experiencing Homelessness.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 44 (3): 205–223.
Ture, Kwame, and Charles V. Hamilton. 1992. Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America. New York: Random House.
williams, Rev angel Kyodo. n.d. “Love and Justice Are Not Two.” n.d. https://revangel.com/.
williams, angel Kyodo Rev, Lama Rod Owens, and Jasmine Syedullah. 2016. “Radical Dharma: Talking Race, Love and Liberation.” https://radicaldharma.org/
Wong, Alice, ed. 2020. Disability Visibility: First-Person Stories from the Twenty-First Century. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.