Black Women Been Knew: Understanding Intersectionality to Advance Justice
Brandi Blessett
University of Minnesota
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24926/jsepa.v1i2.5034
Keywords: Black feminism, intersectionality, equity
Abstract
Although the term intersectionality was coined by Kimberl. Crenshaw in the late 1980s, Black feminist scholars have long interrogated how having multiple marginalized identities reproduce inequity in their daily lives. Black women have been at the forefront of justice efforts way before it was popular and thus, continue to offer insight into ways to advance justice and equity for not only themselves, but for people and communities experiencing systemic oppression. This article examines Black Feminist Traditions to contextualize how Black women have remained resilient despite systemic racism and injustice. Additionally, this article offers strategies to thoroughly integrate Black Feminist Theory into public administration.
Author Biography
Brandi Blessett, University of Minnesota
Brandi Blessett, PhD (she/her) (brandib@umn.edu) is an associate professor at the Humphrey School of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota. She has earned a reputation as a socially conscious researcher, administrator, teacher, and community partner. Her work centers lived experiences to offer robust insights by people burdened by administrative decisions.
References
Alexander, M. 2011. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration
in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press.
Alkadry, Mohamad G., and Brandi Blessett. 2010. “Aloofness
or Dirty Hands? Administrative Culpability in the Making
of the Second Ghetto.” Administrative Theory & Praxis 32
(4): 532–556. http://www.jstor.org/stable/29783152
Balfour, Danny L., Guy B. Adams, and Ashley E. Nickels.
Unmasking Administrative Evil. New York: Routledge.
Blessett, Brandi. 2015. “Disenfranchisement: Historical
Underpinnings and Contemporary Manifestations.”
Public Administration Quarterly 39 (1): 3–50. https://
www.jstor.org/stable/24372042
Blessett, Brandi. 2020a. “Urban Renewal and ‘Ghetto’ Development
in Baltimore: Two Sides of the Same Coin.” The
American Review of Public Administration 50 (8): 838–
https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074020930358
Blessett, Brandi. 2020b. “Rethinking the Administrative
State Through an Intersectional Framework.” Administrative
Theory & Praxis 42 (1): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1
/10841806.2018.1517526
Blessett, Brandi. and Richard C. Box. 2016. “Sharecropper
Finance: Using the Justice System as a Public Revenue
Source.” Public Integrity 18 (2): 113–126. https://doi.or
g/10.1080/10999922.2015.1111742
Blessett, Brandi, Tia Sherèe Gaynor, Mohamad G. Alkadry,
and Matthew Witt. 2016. “Counternarratives as Critical
Perspectives in Public Administration Curricula.” Administrative
Theory & Praxis 38 (4): 267–284. https://
doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2016.1239397
Bobo, Jacqueline, Cynthia Hudley, and Claudine Michel.
The Black Studies Reader. New York: Routledge.
Brown, Elsa Barkley. 2004. “Womanist Consciousness:
Maggie Lena Walker and the Independent Order of
Saint Luke.” In The Black Studies Reader, ed. Jacqueline
Bobo, Cynthia Hudley, and Claudine Michel, 47–63.
New York: Routledge.
Collins, Patricia Hill. 2000. Black Feminist Thought. New
York: Routledge.
Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1991. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality,
Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of
Color.” Stanford Law Review 43 (6): 1241–1299. https://
doi.org/10.2307/1229039
Davis, Angela Y. 1983. Women, Race, and Class. New York:
Random House.
Dantzler, Prentiss A. 2021. “The Urban Process Under Racial
Capitalism: Race, anti-Blackness, and Capital Accumulation.”
Journal of Race, Ethnicity and the City 2 (2): 113–
: https://doi.org/10.1080/26884674.2021.1934201
Gaynor, Tia Sherèe. 2018. “Social Construction and the Criminalization of Identity: State-Sanctioned Oppression and an Unethical Administration.” Public Integrity 20 (4): 358–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2017.1416881
Gaynor, Tia Sherèe and Brandi Blessett. 2021. “Predatory Policing, Intersectional Subjection, and the Experiences of
LGBTQ People of Color in New Orleans.” Urban Affairs Review. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F10780874211017289
Gaynor, Tia Sherèe and Vanessa Lopez-Littleton. 2021.“Coming to Terms: Teaching Systemic Racism and (the Myth) of White Supremacy.” Journal of Public Affairs Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2021.1994326
hooks, bell. 1981. Ain’t I a Woman. Boston, MA: South End Press.
hooks, bell. 1989. Talking Back: Thinking Feminist, Thinking Black. Toronto, Canada: Between the Lines.
hooks, bell. 2013. Writing Beyond Race. New York: Routledge.
Hull, Akasha (Gloria T.), Patricia Bell-Scott, and Barbara Smith. 1982. All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, but Some of Us Are Brave. New York: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York.
Jones, Angela. 2013. The Modern African American Political Thought Reader: From David Walker to Barack Obama. New York: Routledge.
Jones, Claudia. 1949. “An End to the Neglect of the Problems of the Negro Woman!” Political Affairs. New York: National Women’s Commission, C.P.U.S.A.
Jones, Feminista. 2020. “Malcolm X Stood Up For Black Women When Few Others Would.” Zora (blog). https://zora.medium.com/malcolm-x-stood-up-for-black-womenwhen-few-others-would-68e8b2ea2747
LeFlouria, Talitha L. 2015. Chained in Silence: Black Women and Convict Labor in the New South. Raleigh, NC: UNC Press.
Lopez-Littleton, Vanessa and Carla Jackie Sampson. 2020. “Structural Racism and Social Environmental Risk: A Case Study of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Louisiana.” In Three Facets of Public Health and Paths to Improvements, ed. Beth Ann Fiedler, 353–380. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.
Loewen, James W. 2007. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. New York: Touchstone.
Lorde, Audre. 1984. Sister Outsider. Berkeley, CA: Crossing Press.
National Partnership for Women & Families (National Partnership). 2021. “Black Women, the Wage Gap, and Evictions: An Urgent Call for Equitable Housing Solutions.” Accessed July 25, 2022. https://www.nationalpartnership.org/our-work/resources/economic-justice/other/black-women-and-evictions.pdf
Ray, Victor. 2019. “A Theory of Racialized Organizations.” American Sociological Review 84 (1): 26–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418822335
Richie, Beth E. 2012. Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence, and America’s Prison Nation. New York: New York University Press.
Rothstein, Richard. 2017. Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America. New York: Liveright.
Taylor, Keeanga-Yamahtta. 2019. Race for Profit. Raleigh, NC: The University of North Carolina Press.
Terborg-Penn. Rosalyn. 2004. “Discontented Black Feminists: Prelude and Postscript to the Passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.” In The Black Studies Reader, ed. Jacqueline Bobo, Cynthia Hudley, and Claudine Michel, 65–78. New York: Routledge.
Walker, Alice. 1983. In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens. New York: A Harvest Book Harcourt, Inc.
Zinn, Howard. 2003. A People’s History of the United States. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.